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Paula Gruden or Pavla Gruden (14 February 1921 – 26 January 2014)〔Jurak, Mirko. 1990. ''Lipa šumi med evkalipti: izbor pesmi slovencev v Australiji.'' Ljubljana: Slovenska izseljenska matica, p. 103.〕〔Suša, Barbara. 2002. "Pavla Gruden." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'', vol. 16. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 73.〕 was an Australian poet, translator, and editor of Slovene descent. Gruden was born in Ljubljana, at the time a town in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. During the Second World War she was transported to Germany for forced labor,〔〔Kmecl, Matjaž. 1999. "Pavla Gruden." ''Sodobnost'' 38(6/7): 650.〕 and then she worked in Trieste as a secretary and translator for the Allied military administration.〔 Since 1948, she lived and worked as a writer in Sydney, Australia.〔〔Žitnik, Janja & Helga Glušić. 1999. ''Slovenska izseljenska književnost'', vol. 1. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, p. 274.〕 She founded the literary magazine ''Svobodni razgovori'' (Free Conversations) in 1982 and served as its editor.〔Maver, Igor. 2010. "Slovenian Migrant Literature in Australia: An Overview with a Reading of the Work of Jože Žohar." Sonia Mycak and Amit Sarwal, eds. ''Australian Made: A Multicultural Reader'', pp. 173-199. Sydney: Sydney Universoty Press, p. 176.〕 Gruden wrote in both English and her native Slovene.〔〔Žitnik, Janja. 2007. "Slovenian Emigre Literature: Ignored, Forgotten and Rediscovered." Marjan Drnovšek (ed.) ''Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Slovenian Migration'', pp. 67–88. Ljubljana: ZRC, p. 74.〕 Gruden also translated from Slovene and Serbo-Croatian.〔Aarons, Mark, 2001. ''War Criminals Welcome: Australia, a Sanctuary for Fugitive War Criminals since 1945''.Melbourne: Black Inc., p. 5.〕 She is known among the Slovene community and in Australian literary circles as a prolific writer of the haiku poetic form.〔〔 She was member of the Slovene Writers' Association. Gruden has been included into several anthologies, among them ''Antologija slovenskih pesnic'' (The Anthology of Slovene Woman Poets; Založba Tuma, 2004), ''Zbornik avstralskih slovencev'' (Anthology of Australian Slovenes; Slovenian-Australian Literary & Art Circle, 1988), ''Album slovenskih književnikov'' (Album of Slovene Literati; Mladinska Knjiga, 2006), ''Australian Made: A Multicultural Reader'' (University of Sydney, 2010), and ''Fragments from Slovene Literature: An Anthology of Slovene Literature'' (Slovene Writers Association, 2005). == Bibliography == *''Ljubezen pod džakarando''. Ljubljana: Prešernova družba, 2002 *''Snubljenje duha''. Ljubljana: Slovenska izseljenska matica, 1994 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paula Gruden」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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